Cell Structure and Function – Cell Cycle & Cell Division Quiz - ICSE Class 11 Biology

Free practice quiz: Cell Structure and Function – Cell Cycle & Cell Division (ICSE Class 11 Biology). 50 multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations. Play online, no sign-up needed.

This ICSE Class 11 Biology practice quiz has 50 multiple-choice questions on Cell Structure and Function – Cell Cycle & Cell Division, and 50 of them come with an explanation. Try the 5 sample questions below (tap an option to check yourself), then play the full quiz online. No sign-up needed.

Sample questions

1. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope completely disintegrate, allowing spindle fibers to attach to kinetochores?

   1. Prophase
   2. Prometaphase
   3. Metaphase
   4. Anaphase
   Show answer

   Answer: B. Prometaphase

   Prometaphase is characterized by the breakdown of the nuclear envelope and the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochores of chromosomes. This transition between prophase and metaphase is crucial for chromosome alignment.

2. In plant cells, cytokinesis is achieved through the formation of a:

   1. Cleavage furrow
   2. Cell plate
   3. Cell wall
   4. Spindle apparatus
   Show answer

   Answer: B. Cell plate

   Unlike animal cells which form a cleavage furrow, plant cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis. The cell plate originates from vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus and eventually develops into a new cell wall, separating the two daughter cells.

3. What is the main outcome of meiosis compared to mitosis in terms of genetic content and chromosome number?

   1. Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse haploid cells.
   2. Mitosis produces genetically diverse diploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically identical haploid cells.
   3. Mitosis produces genetically identical haploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse diploid cells.
   4. Mitosis produces genetically diverse haploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically identical diploid cells.
   Show answer

   Answer: A. Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse haploid cells.

   Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other, maintaining the diploid chromosome number. Meiosis involves two rounds of division and genetic recombination (crossing over), producing four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells, which are gametes.

4. The term 'cytokinesis' refers to the:

   1. Replication of DNA
   2. Condensation of chromosomes
   3. Division of the cytoplasm
   4. Separation of sister chromatids
   Show answer

   Answer: C. Division of the cytoplasm

   Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell division process, involving the physical division of the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells, each with its own nucleus and organelles.

5. If a cell has a problem with spindle assembly, it will most likely be arrested at which checkpoint?

   1. G1 checkpoint
   2. G2 checkpoint
   3. M checkpoint
   4. S checkpoint
   Show answer

   Answer: C. M checkpoint

   The M checkpoint (spindle checkpoint) specifically monitors the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. A problem with spindle assembly means chromosomes will not be attached correctly, leading to arrest at this checkpoint.

More questions in this quiz

Answers and explanations are in the full quiz.

1. Which of the following events is unique to meiosis I compared to mitosis?
2. The primary difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis is the separation of:
3. A cell is undergoing meiosis. If it has a diploid number of 2n = 12, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after meiosis I and after meiosis II?
4. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the synthesis of DNA and the duplication of chromosomes?
5. The centrosome duplicates during which phase of the cell cycle, and its components migrate to opposite poles during mitosis?
6. During anaphase of mitosis, what specific structures separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?
7. Which of the following checkpoints in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the spindle apparatus before anaphase begins?
8. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a crucial process for development and tissue homeostasis. Which of the following is a characteristic morphological feature of apoptosis?
9. Chiasmata, the visible points of crossing over, are typically observed during which stage of meiosis?
10. Which cyclin-CDK complex is primarily responsible for driving the cell through the G1 to S phase transition?
11. If a cell has a mutation that prevents the formation of functional kinetochores, what phase of mitosis would it likely get stuck in?
12. The bivalent or tetrad structure, composed of two homologous chromosomes each with two sister chromatids, is a characteristic feature of which stage of meiosis?
13. Which of the following regulatory proteins inhibits entry into mitosis by preventing the activation of MPF (Maturation-Promoting Factor) if DNA damage is detected?
14. In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of the cell, forming the metaphase plate?
15. The formation of a synaptonemal complex is characteristic of which phase of meiosis?
16. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle control system?
17. The separation of homologous chromosomes occurs during which phase of meiosis?
18. Which component of the cell cycle control system acts as regulatory subunits that bind to CDKs and activate them?
19. Which molecule directly triggers the transition from metaphase to anaphase by initiating the degradation of securin?
20. During meiosis, recombination nodules are sites where genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. These are most prominent during which specific sub-stage of Prophase I?
21. Which of the following cyclin-CDK complexes is primarily involved in the G2 to M phase transition, triggering entry into mitosis?
22. If a cell enters G0 phase, it is said to be:
23. The spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes during which phase of mitosis?
24. Which of the following is a key role of the APC/C (Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome) in the cell cycle?
25. If a scientist observes cells with distinct homologous chromosome pairs aligned at the metaphase plate, which phase of cell division are they most likely observing?
26. The G1 checkpoint is often referred to as the 'restriction point'. What is the primary significance of this checkpoint?
27. Which molecular motor proteins are responsible for the movement of chromosomes towards the spindle poles during anaphase?
28. If a mutation causes cohesins to be prematurely cleaved before the M checkpoint is satisfied, what would be the most likely consequence?
29. Which event during meiosis is directly responsible for increasing genetic variation by shuffling alleles between homologous chromosomes?
30. What is the role of Rb (retinoblastoma) protein in the cell cycle?
31. During telophase of mitosis, what is a characteristic event that occurs?
32. Which of the following is true about gamete formation in humans?
33. The binding of spindle microtubules to kinetochores is a prerequisite for chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate. If this attachment is unstable or incorrect, the cell will activate which checkpoint to prevent progression into anaphase?
34. Which stage of the cell cycle is the primary period of cell growth and synthesis of proteins and organelles, but not DNA?
35. What is the fate of the homologous chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis?
36. Which cyclins are primarily involved in regulating progression through the G2 phase and entry into mitosis?
37. What is the term for the separation of the cytoplasm during cell division?
38. During which phase of meiosis does the synaptonemal complex break down, allowing chiasmata to become visible?
39. The cell cycle is regulated by a complex interplay of proteins. Which of the following acts as a 'license factor' for DNA replication, ensuring that replication occurs only once per cell cycle?
40. Which of the following is a characteristic of anaphase II of meiosis?
41. The G2 checkpoint ensures that:
42. During telophase I of meiosis, what is the state of the chromosomes in the two daughter cells?
43. Which cellular process is primarily regulated by the cyclic degradation and synthesis of cyclins and the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)?
44. The binding of CDK inhibitors (CKIs) to cyclin-CDK complexes serves to:
45. Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs at the metaphase plate?

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